SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES FOR (PAK TURK MAARIF SCHOLARSHIP) 2024
.jpg)
6. Grid Reference.
A grid reference is a unique code that uses intersecting lines on a map to pinpoint a specific location, like an address for the map world. Think of it as an X and Y coordinate system for anywhere on the map!
++++++++++++
7. Biomes.
A biome: Vast life zone marked by unique climate, plants & animals sharing adaptations to thrive there.
Think: Large areas with signature climates, where plants & animals play specific roles.
++++++++++++
8. Structure of the Federal Government of Pakistan.
Pakistan's federal structure rests on three pillars:
1. Bicameral Parliament: With the National Assembly (lower house) wielding power and the Senate providing representation, laws are crafted and debated.
2. Executive Branch: Led by the Prime Minister, the Cabinet carries out Parliament's decisions, aided by Ministries overseeing various aspects of governance.
3. Independent Judiciary: Headed by the Supreme Court, this branch safeguards rights and interprets laws, ensuring justice prevails.
This system, though complex, balances power and aims for effective governance of a diverse and vibrant nation.
++++++++++++
9. Struggle for independence (Two Nation Theory, Significant Events, Independence of Pakistan).
The Two-Nation Theory is a political ideology that arose in India during the early 20th century. It has been characterized as a form of religious nationalism that asserts that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations within India, each with its own distinct culture, history, and interests. The theory was a key factor in the partition of India in 1947, which created the independent states of India and Pakistan.
The Two-Nation Theory has been criticized by many for leading to discrimination and violence against religious minorities. It has also been argued that the theory is flawed, as it ignores the diversity of both Hinduism and Islam within India.
Despite its criticisms, the Two-Nation Theory remains a powerful force in South Asian politics. It continues to be used to justify discrimination and violence against religious minorities, and it is a major obstacle to reconciliation between India and Pakistan.